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  2. Focus (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_(linguistics)

    In linguistics, focus (abbreviated FOC) is a grammatical category that conveys which part of the sentence contributes new, non-derivable, or contrastive information. In the English sentence "Mary only insulted BILL", focus is expressed prosodically by a pitch accent on "Bill" which identifies him as the only person whom Mary insulted.

  3. Topic and comment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_and_comment

    In English it is also possible to use other sentence structures to show the topic of the sentence, as in the following: As for the little girl, the dog bit her. It was the little girl that the dog bit. The case of expletives is sometimes rather complex. Consider sentences with expletives (meaningless subjects), like: It is raining.

  4. Immediate constituent analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immediate_constituent_analysis

    Though ICA was not directly incorporated into Chomsky's generative grammar, its focus on constituent analysis influenced Chomsky’s syntactic theory (Chomsky 1957, pg. 93). Chomsky introduced more formalized syntactic structures, including phrase structure rules and X-bar theory , which were designed to explain the hierarchical structure of ...

  5. English grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

    The first published English grammar was a Pamphlet for Grammar of 1586, written by William Bullokar with the stated goal of demonstrating that English was just as rule-based as Latin. Bullokar's grammar was faithfully modeled on William Lily's Latin grammar, Rudimenta Grammatices (1534), used in English schools at that time, having been ...

  6. Reading comprehension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_comprehension

    Reading comprehension and vocabulary are inextricably linked together. The ability to decode or identify and pronounce words is self-evidently important, but knowing what the words mean has a major and direct effect on knowing what any specific passage means while skimming a reading material.

  7. Information structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_structure

    In linguistics, information structure, also called information packaging, describes the way in which information is formally packaged within a sentence. [1] This generally includes only those aspects of information that "respond to the temporary state of the addressee's mind", and excludes other aspects of linguistic information such as references to background (encyclopedic/common) knowledge ...

  8. Sentence diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_diagram

    A sentence diagram is a pictorial representation of the grammatical structure of a sentence. The term "sentence diagram" is used more when teaching written language, where sentences are diagrammed. The model shows the relations between words and the nature of sentence structure and can be used as a tool to help recognize which potential ...

  9. Glossary of language education terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_language...

    The students focus on the content rather than the language. Used for fluency practice. (see "Controlled practice" and "Guided practice") Function words Also known as form words, empty words, structure or structural words and grammar words; these words connect content words grammatically; function words have little or no meaning by themselves.

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