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In 2002 the Union of Signalling Industry (UNISIG) published the SUBSET-026 defining the current implementation of ETCS signalling equipment together with GSM–R – this Class 1 SRS 2.2.2 (now called ETCS Baseline 2) was accepted by the European Commission in decision 2002/731/EEC as mandatory for high-speed rail and in decision 2004/50/EEC as ...
The Skill Training Alliance For the Future European Rail system (STAFFER) [12] is the rail sector’s Erasmus+ Blueprint for Sectoral Cooperation on Skills. Coordinated by the University of Genoa, this 4-year EU-funded project brings together 32 partners representing academics, trainers, authorities, operators and suppliers to assess Europe’s ...
The specification was written in 1996 in response to EU Council Directive 96/48/EC99 [5] of 23 July 1996 on interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system. . First the European Railway Research Institute was instructed to formulate the specification and about the same time the ERTMS User Group was formed from six railway operators that took over the lead role in the specificat
The MARS-1 train ticket reservation system was designed and planned in the 1950s by the Japanese National Railways' R&D Institute, now the Railway Technical Research Institute, with the system eventually being produced by Hitachi in 1958. [6] It was the world's first seat reservation system for trains. [7]
The ERA coordinates the development and management of the European railway system in conjunction with 28 National Safety Authorities (NSAs). This includes the NSAs of 25 out of 27 member states of the European Union (Malta has not operated railways since 1931; Cyprus not since 1951/1974), plus Norway, the United Kingdom, and the Channel Tunnel Intergovernmental Commission (IGC, including the ...
The Single European Railway Directive 2012 is an EU Directive that regulates railway networks in European Union law.This recast the First Railway Directive 91/440/EEC and consolidates legislation from each of the first to the fourth "Package" from 1991 to 2016, [1] and allows open access operations on railway lines by companies other than those that own the rail infrastructure.
The company is owned by over 35 European railway and shipping companies. [1] The Eurail Pass is available to non-European residents, and the Interrail Pass (introduced in 1972) is available to European residents. The passes, which provide access to 250,000 kilometres (160,000 mi) of European railway, are used by over 33,000 travellers annually. [1]
Its main components are the European Train Control System (ETCS) and the GSM-R communications system. [1] ETCS is a standard for track-train radio communications using balises (Eurobalises) and associated in-cab train control, [2] while GSM-R is the GSM mobile communications standard for railway operations. ERTMS can operate at different levels ...