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The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is the system of standards for management and interoperation of signalling for railways by the European Union (EU). It is conducted by the European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) and is the organisational umbrella for the separately managed parts of GSM–R (communication),
The European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) is an agency of the European Union (EU) that sets mandatory requirements for European railways and manufacturers in the form of Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI), which apply to the Trans-European Rail system. The ERA publishes a document summarising the status of the TSIs. [1]
Its main components are the European Train Control System (ETCS) and the GSM-R communications system. [1] ETCS is a standard for track-train radio communications using balises (Eurobalises) and associated in-cab train control, [2] while GSM-R is the GSM mobile communications standard for railway operations. ERTMS can operate at different levels ...
GSM-R, Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway or GSM-Railway is an international wireless communications standard for railway communication and applications. A sub-system of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), it is used for communication between train and railway regulation control centers.
The specification was written in 1996 in response to EU Council Directive 96/48/EC99 [6] of 23 July 1996 on interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system. . First the European Railway Research Institute was instructed to formulate the specification and about the same time the ERTMS User Group was formed from six railway operators that took over the lead role in the specificat
The Trans-European conventional rail network, together with the Trans-European high-speed rail network, make up the Trans-European Rail network, which in turn is one of a number of the European Union's Trans-European transport networks (TEN-T). It was defined by the Council Directive 2001/16/EC [1] of 19 March 2001.
The Trans-European high-speed rail network (TEN-R), together with the Trans-European conventional rail network, make up the Trans-European Rail network, which in turn is one of a number of the European Union's Trans-European transport networks (TEN-T). It was defined by the Council Directive 96/48/EC of 23 July 1996. [1]
Passenger rail transport over many routes across European countries is facilitated through Interrail (for travelers from Europe) and Eurail (for non-European travelers) rail passes. Due to differences in railway electrification between certain countries, either multi-system electric multiple units (EMUs) or, in case of push-pull trains , multi ...