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Fructose (/ ˈ f r ʌ k t oʊ s,-oʊ z /), or fruit sugar, is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed by the gut directly into the blood of the portal vein during digestion.
Unlike glucose, fructose is not an insulin secretagogue, and can in fact lower circulating insulin. [4] In addition to the liver, fructose is metabolized in the intestines, testis, kidney, skeletal muscle, fat tissue and brain, [5] [6] but it is not transported into cells via insulin-sensitive pathways (insulin regulated transporters GLUT1 and ...
Carbohydrates can generally be classified into one of two groups, monosacharides, and complex carbohydrates.Monosacharides (also called "simple sugars") are the simplest single units of any carbohydrate; the most common monosaccharides are five and six carbon compounds such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. [2]
Galactose – a monosaccharide sugar not as sweet as glucose or fructose; Glucose, glucose solids [1] Golden syrup, golden sugar [1] – refined sugar cane or sugar beet juice; Grape sugar, [1] grape juice; High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) [1] – made from corn starch, containing from 55% fructose [3] to 90% fructose.
Steviol glycosides and monk fruit have 0 calories, while allulose provides 0.2-0.4 calories per gram (about 10% of the calorie content of sugar). How does sugar compare to artificial sweeteners ...
Relative sweetness of various sugars in comparison with sucrose [143] Glucose is mainly used for the production of fructose and of glucose-containing foods. In foods, it is used as a sweetener, humectant, to increase the volume and to create a softer mouthfeel. [134]
Sucrose (table sugar) is the prototypical example of a sweet substance. Sucrose in solution has a sweetness perception rating of 1, and other substances are rated relative to this. [ 13 ] For example, another sugar, fructose , is somewhat sweeter, being rated at 1.7 times the sweetness of sucrose. [ 13 ]
After resorption in the gut, the monosaccharides are transported, through the portal vein, to the liver, where all non-glucose monosacharids (fructose, galactose) are transformed into glucose as well. [4] Glucose (blood sugar) is distributed to cells in the tissues, where it is broken down via cellular respiration, or stored as glycogen.