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An aircraft catapult is a device used to help fixed-wing aircraft gain enough airspeed and lift for takeoff from a limited distance, typically from the deck of a ship. They are usually used on aircraft carrier flight decks as a form of assisted takeoff, but can also be installed on land-based runways, although this is rare.
Project 1153 Orel (Russian: Орёл pr: "Or'yol", Eagle) was a late 1970s plan to give the Soviet Navy a true blue water aviation capability. The aircraft carrier would have about 72,000 tons displacement, with a nuclear power plant and a steam catapults for aircraft launch, similar to the earlier Kitty Hawk-class supercarriers of the U.S. Navy.
The angled flight decks of the carriers use a CATOBAR arrangement to operate aircraft, with steam catapults and arrestor wires for launch and recovery. As well as speeding up flight deck operations, this allows for a much wider variety of aircraft than with the STOVL arrangement used on smaller carriers.
The system launches carrier-based aircraft by means of a catapult employing a linear induction motor rather than the conventional steam piston, providing greater precision and faster recharge compared to steam. EMALS was first installed on the lead ship of the Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier, USS Gerald R. Ford, c. 2015.
USS Intrepid showing her SCB-27C configuration.. The two sub-types of SCB-27 modifications were primarily a result of changes in catapult technology in the early-1950s. SCB-27A vessels used a pair of H 8 slotted-tube hydraulic catapults, while the later SCB-27C vessels were fitted with a pair of C 11 steam catapults, a British innovation (in fact the first four installed, on Hancock and ...
Aircraft carriers could always use a little more room to make take off easier. The Navy has been helping itself with steam powered catapults for a while but the USS Ford has just installed an ...
Flight deck of USS Dwight D. Eisenhower, showing catapult layout Catapult launches aboard USS Ronald Reagan. CATOBAR (catapult-assisted take-off but arrested recovery [1] or catapult-assisted take-off barrier arrested recovery [2]) is a system used for the launch and recovery of aircraft from the deck of an aircraft carrier.
The flight deck has three electromagnetic catapults (EM catapults) and an angled landing area with arresting gear. [6] As of at least 2024, EM catapults are the most sophisticated aircraft launch technology and are only used on the Fujian and the USS Gerald R. Ford.