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The term Chinese orchestra is most commonly used to refer to the modern Chinese orchestra that is found in China and various overseas Chinese communities. This modern Chinese orchestra first developed out of Jiangnan sizhu ensemble in the 1920s into a form that is based on the structure and principles of a Western symphony orchestra but using Chinese instruments.
Chinese musical instruments are traditionally grouped into eight categories known as bā yīn (). [1] The eight categories are silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd and skin; other instruments considered traditional exist that may not fit these groups.
The ancient Chinese orchestra, which comprised up to several hundred or more traditional Chinese musical instruments of many types, existed from at least the Shang dynasty and performed yayue music for court rituals and sacrifices, as well as for entertainment of the court. Ancient Chinese orchestra
The China National Traditional Orchestra was founded by composer and conductor Li Huanzhi (1919–2000), [18] [19] the former chair of the Chinese Musicians' Association. CNTO's current president and producer is musician and ethnomusicologist Xi Qiang, [16] [20] who is a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
The orchestra's musicians utilize more than 30 types of traditional and modernized Chinese instruments as well as cello- and double bass-like instruments called laruan and dalaruan. Since 1957, it has performed overseas in the USSR , Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia , Albania, East Germany , Italy, Japan, and Malta.
It was developed in the 1940s as the alto member of the huqin family (similar in range to the European viola) to increase the pitch range of the instruments used in a Chinese orchestra. [1] The zhonghu is analogous with the erhu, but is slightly larger and lower pitched. Its body is covered on the playing end with snakeskin.
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