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The Intelligenzaktion (German pronunciation: [ɪntɛliˈɡɛnt͡s.akˌt͡sjoːn]), or the Intelligentsia mass shootings, was a series of mass murders which was committed against the Polish intelligentsia (teachers, priests, physicians, and other prominent members of Polish society) early in the Second World War (1939–45) by Nazi Germany.
Jones based the name of his movement on the supposed fact that the third in a series of waves is the strongest. [9] Jones created a salute involving a cupped hand reaching across the chest toward the opposite shoulder, [9] resembling a Hitler salute. [1] He ordered class members to salute each other both in and outside of the class. [9]
During his life in Vienna between 1907 and 1913, Hitler was exposed to racist rhetoric. [8] Populists such as mayor Karl Lueger exploited the city's prevalent anti-Semitic sentiment, blamed Jews "for simply anything and everything", [9] [c] and also espoused German nationalist notions for political benefit.
Still, the antisemitic planks remained in the Nazi Party platform. [9] Even before they ascended to power, Nazi essays and slogans would call for boycotts of Jews. [10] Jews were associated with money-lenders, usury and banks, and were portrayed as the enemy of small shopkeepers, small farmers and artisans. [11]
According to the Nazi government, that principle was pursued by Germany to secure a fair rearrangement of territory for the common benefit of a new, economically integrated Europe, [8] which in Nazi terminology meant the continent of Europe with the exception of the "Asiatic" Soviet Union. [9] Nazi racial views regarded the "Judeo-Bolshevist ...
Like many of Arendt's books, The Origins of Totalitarianism is structured as three essays: "Antisemitism", "Imperialism" and "Totalitarianism". The book describes the various preconditions and subsequent rise of anti-Semitism in central, eastern, and western Europe in the early-to-mid 19th century; then examines the New Imperialism, from 1884 to the start of the First World War (1914–18 ...
The attacks continued and reached fever pitch when SA leader Axel Schaffeld was assassinated on 1 August. As the Nazi Party was now the largest party in the Reichstag, it was entitled to select the President of the Reichstag and were able to elect Göring for the post. [91] Energised by the success, Hitler asked to be made chancellor.
Chapter 9: The "German Workers' Party" Chapter 10: Causes of the Collapse; Chapter 11: Nation and Race; Chapter 12: The First Period of Development of the National Socialist German Workers' Party; Volume Two: The National Socialist Movement Chapter 1: Philosophy and Party; Chapter 2: The State; Chapter 3: Subjects and Citizens; Chapter 4 ...