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Toucans (/ ˈ t uː k æ n /, UK: /-k ə n /) are Neotropical birds in the family Ramphastidae. The Ramphastidae are most closely related to the Toucan barbets. They are brightly marked and have large, often colorful bills. The family includes five genera and over 40 different species. Toucans are arboreal and typically lay two to four white ...
The emerald toucanet was originally described in the genus Pteroglossus.For many years it was treated as having at least 14 subspecies. In 2008 the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) split 10 of those subspecies to create seven new species and retained four of them as subspecies of their current emerald toucanet sensu stricto.
Tawny-tufted toucanet. S. nattereri (Gould, 1835) Northcentral Amazon rainforest LC Unknown [25] Gould's toucanet. S. gouldii (Natterer, 1837) Southern Amazon rainforest LC Unknown [26] Spot-billed toucanet. S. maculirostris (Lichtenstein, M. H. C., 1823) Southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina LC Unknown [27]
Golden-collared toucanet (as Pteroglossus reinwardtii) [20] Langsdorff's toucanet (as Pteroglossus langsdorffii) [21] Tawny-tufted toucanet (as Pteroglossus nattereri) [22] Gould's toucanet (as Pteroglossus gouldii) [23] Spot-billed toucanet (as Pteroglossus maculirostris) [24] Gray-breasted mountain toucan (as Pteroglossus hypoglaucus) [25]
The phylogenetic relationships among toucans have been the subject of ongoing debate and research; in the past, the eight toucan species were classified into different subfamilies based on their bill size and shape. However, recent molecular studies have suggested that toucans are more closely related to aracaris and toucanets than previously ...
A major taxonomy review in 1974 resulted in 6 species in the genus Aulacorhynchus, [5] and this was adopted by virtually all later authorities. [3] [6] [7] [8] [9]In 2001, it was suggested that A. prasinus, as traditionally defined, was a species complex that should be split into 7 different species based on preliminary morphological evidence. [10]
Toco toucans are one of the best-known Neotropical birds, [11] both internationally [44] and domestically within their range. [45] They are also the best-represented species of toucan on the internet, internationally and within Brazil. [46] The toucan is an object of ridicule in Brazilian legend.
The calls are low-pitched and croaking. Most species are relatively small toucans with a total length of 30–35 cm (12–14 in), but the yellow-eared toucanet typically has a total length of approx. 38 cm (15 in). They tend to forage alone or in pairs, feeding mainly on fruit.