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Analytic philosopher, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, influential. Gabriel Marcel (1889–1973). Christian existentialist. Martin Heidegger (1889–1976). Phenomenologist. Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937). Marxist philosopher. Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970). Vienna Circle. Logical positivist. Walter Benjamin (1892–1940). Marxist ...
Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought, traditions and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture , beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics .
The history of philosophy is primarily concerned with theories based on rational inquiry and argumentation; some historians understand it in a looser sense that includes myths, religious teachings, and proverbial lore. [40] Influential traditions in the history of philosophy include Western, Arabic–Persian, Indian, and Chinese philosophy.
Absurdism - Academic skepticism - Achintya Bheda Abheda - Action, philosophy of - Actual idealism - Actualism - Advaita Vedanta - Aesthetic Realism - Aesthetics - African philosophy - Afrocentrism - Agential realism - Agnosticism - Agnostic theism - Ajātivāda - Ājīvika - Ajñana - Alexandrian school - Alexandrists - Ambedkarism - American philosophy - Analytical Thomism - Analytic ...
The history of philosophy is the systematic study of the development of philosophical thought. It focuses on philosophy as rational inquiry based on argumentation, but some theorists also include myth, religious traditions, and proverbial lore. Western philosophy originated with an inquiry into the fundamental nature of the cosmos in Ancient ...
List of philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries; List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries; List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries; List of philosophers born in the 17th century; List of philosophers born in the 18th century; List of philosophers born in the 19th century
The problem in philosophy of moving from an "is" to an "ought" (the "Is-ought problem") is said to have been introduced into philosophy by David Hume. Richmond Campbell, in discussing this, asks how one might move from a knowledge of what exists, i.e. from a whole range of possible values, to a knowledge of which, among these, one ought to ...
Philosophers and scientists of the period widely circulated their ideas through meetings at scientific academies, Masonic lodges, literary salons, coffeehouses and in printed books, journals, and pamphlets. The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and religious officials and paved the way for the political ...