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The Indian influences in early Philippine polities, particularly the influence of the Srivijaya and Majapahit thalassocracies on cultural development, is a significant area of research for scholars of Philippine, Indonesian, and Southeast Asian history, [1] and is believed to be the source of Hindu and Buddhist elements in early Philippine culture, religion, and language.
India and the Philippines have historic ties going back over 3000 years and there are over 150,000 people of Indian origin in Philippines. [3]Iron Age finds in the Philippines also point to the existence of trade between Tamil Nadu in South India and the Philippine islands during the ninth and tenth centuries B.C. [4] The influence of the culture of India on the culture of the Philippines ...
[6] [7] [5] [2] [28] The scope, sequence, and mechanism of Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities continues to be an active area of research [2] and are the subject of much debate among scholars of Philippine and Southeast Asian history and historiography.
The small early states that were established were greatly influenced by Indian culture, as was most of Southeast Asia. [86] Indian influence in the region dates back to at least the 3rd century BCE. Tamil culture was spread to Southeast Asia by the Tamil Pallava dynasty in the 4th and 5th century.
Iron Age finds in Philippines also point to the existence of trade between the Indian Subcontinent and the Philippine Islands during the ninth and tenth centuries B.C. [4] India had greatly influenced the many different cultures of the Philippines through the Indianized kingdom of the Hindu Majapahit and the Buddhist Srivijaya.
The characters display a Hindu-Buddhist influence, probably a form of early writing in the Philippines (c. 14th–15th century). Numerous jars have been found in the Butuan area that indicate the wealth of the kingdom and the existence of foreign traditions. [25] Some of these jars have been dated as follows: Sathing Phra (900–1100 AD)
Early Philippine society was composed of such diverse subgroups as e.g., fishermen, farmers and hunter/gatherers, with some living in mountainside swiddens, some on houseboats and some in commercially developed coastal ports. Some subgroups were economically self-sufficient, and others had symbiotic relationships with neighboring subgroups.
The following is a listing of the sovereigns of the kingdoms in the Philippine archipelago before their dominions fell to either the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies (mostly in the 16th or 17th century) or the United States of America (in the 20th century), and of their non-sovereign descendants that kept honorary titles.