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2. Switched-mode power supply - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched-mode_power_supply

   In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the pass transistor. The switched-mode power supply's higher electrical efficiency is an important advantage. Switched-mode power supplies can also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply because the transformer can be much smaller.

3. Power supply unit (computer) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply_unit_(computer)

   Now all modern computers use switched-mode power supplies, which are lighter, less costly, and more efficient than equivalent linear power supplies. Computer power supplies may have short circuit protection, overpower (overload) protection, over-voltage protection, under-voltage protection, over-current protection, and over-temperature protection.

4. Power supply - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply

   A modern computer power supply is a switch-mode power supply that converts AC power from the mains supply, to several DC voltages. Switch-mode supplies replaced linear supplies due to cost, weight, efficiency and size improvements. The diverse collection of output voltages also have widely varying current draw requirements.

5. Current limiting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_limiting

   A foldback current limiter may also employ a transient delay to avoid lockout and limit localized heating at the short circuit. A switched-mode power supply operating at the current limit with the output short-circuited does not have increased power dissipation in the power transistor(s), so foldback current limiting is an application feature ...

6. Shunt (electrical) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunt_(electrical)

   A shunt in the ungrounded conductor must be insulated for the full circuit voltage to ground; the measuring instrument must be inherently isolated from ground or must include a resistive voltage divider or an isolation amplifier between the relatively high common-mode voltage and lower voltages inside the instrument. A shunt in the grounded ...

7. Circuit breaker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_breaker

   A circuit breaker is an electrical safety device designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by current in excess of that which the equipment can safely carry (overcurrent). Its basic function is to interrupt current flow to protect equipment and to prevent fire.