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The history of Poland spans over a thousand years, from medieval tribes, Christianization and monarchy; through Poland's Golden Age, expansionism and becoming one of the largest European powers; to its collapse and partitions, two world wars, communism, and the restoration of democracy.
This is a timeline of Polish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Poland and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Poland .
Poland, [d] officially the Republic of Poland, [e] is a country in Central Europe.It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia [f] to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west.
Following the Napoleonic Wars, many sovereigns claimed the title of Polish king, duke or ruler, notably German (the King of Prussia was also the sovereign of the Grand Duchy of Posen 1815-1918), Russian (the Congress Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1815 with the widely unrecognized title of King of Poland to the Emperor of Russia until 1915 ...
of Poland: Vsevolod IV of Kiev r. 1203, 1206, 1207, 1208–1212: Roman the Great of Halych 1152–1205 r. 1189, 1198–1205: Władysław Odonic 1190–1239: Henry II the Pious 1196–1238–1241: Bolesław V the Chaste 1226–1243–1279: Michael of Chernigov r. 1223–1235, 1242–1246: Daniel of Galicia 1201–1264 r. 1213–1264: Bolesław ...
A History of Poland. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ... Poland in a Colonial World Order: ... The Enlightenment and the Birth of Modern Nationhood: ...
Poland escaped the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which ravaged everything to the west, especially Prussia. In 1618, the Elector of Brandenburg became hereditary ruler of the Duchy of Prussia on the Baltic coast. From then on, Poland's link to the Baltic Sea was bordered on both sides by two provinces of the same German state.
Poland's Bronze- and Iron-Age cultures are known mainly from archeological research. Poland's Early Bronze Age cultures began around 2300-2400 BC, [4] whereas the Iron Age commenced c. 700-750 BC. [5] By the beginning of the Common Era, the Iron Age archeological cultures described in the main article no longer existed.