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In thermodynamics, the volume of a system is an important extensive parameter for describing its thermodynamic state. The specific volume , an intensive property, is the system's volume per unit mass .
Work and heat are not thermodynamic properties, but rather process quantities: flows of energy across a system boundary. Systems do not contain work, but can perform work, and likewise, in formal thermodynamics, systems do not contain heat, but can transfer heat.
= , where k B is the Boltzmann constant, and Ω denotes the volume of macrostate in the phase space or otherwise called thermodynamic probability. d S = δ Q T {\displaystyle dS={\frac {\delta Q}{T}}} , for reversible processes only
Specific volume is commonly applied to: Molar volume; Volume (thermodynamics) Partial molar volume; Imagine a variable-volume, airtight chamber containing a certain number of atoms of oxygen gas. Consider the following four examples: If the chamber is made smaller without allowing gas in or out, the density increases and the specific volume ...
Maxwell relations in thermodynamics are critical because they provide a means of simply measuring the change in properties of pressure, temperature, and specific volume, to determine a change in entropy. Entropy cannot be measured directly.
The first law of thermodynamics is essentially a definition of heat, i.e. heat is the change in the internal energy of a system that is not caused by a change of the external parameters of the system. However, the second law of thermodynamics is not a defining relation for the entropy.
Diagram of thermodynamic surface from Maxwell's book Theory of Heat.The diagram is drawn roughly from the same angle as the upper left photo above, and shows the 3D axes e (energy, increasing downwards), ϕ (entropy, increasing to the lower right and out-of-plane), and v (volume, increasing to the upper right and into-plane).
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, ... The volume contained by the walls can be the region surrounding a single atom resonating energy, ...