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The self-discrepancy theory states that individuals compare their "actual" self to internalized standards or the "ideal/ought self". Inconsistencies between "actual", "ideal" (idealized version of yourself created from life experiences) and "ought" (who persons feel they should be or should become) are associated with emotional discomforts (e.g., fear, threat, restlessness).
At Columbia University, Higgins conducted a research on the science of motivation and self-regulation. He further developed his previous research on self-discrepancy theory, exploring the gaps individuals perceive between their actual selves and the standards set by their "ideal" or "ought" self-guides. [6]
In 1987, Tory Higgins developed the self-discrepancy theory, and described three main forms of self: actual self, ideal self, and ought self. Actual self is the set of qualities and characteristics that a person actually possesses, the ideal self contains the attributes that a person hopes to someday achieve, and the ought self contains the ...
Karen Horney, in her 1950 book, Neurosis and Human Growth, based her idea of "true self" and "false self" through the view of self-improvement, interpreting it as real self and ideal self, with the real self being what one currently is and the ideal self being what one could become. [17] (See also Karen Horney § Theory of the self).
Self-Discrepancy model explaining the outcome of actual:ideal and actual:ought discrepancies experienced by restrained eaters. With the identity control theory, there is more opportunity for negative emotions than positive emotions.
TODAY/AOL 'Ideal to Real' body image survey results. Brynn Mannino. Updated July 14, 2016 at 10:10 PM. Show comments. Advertisement. Advertisement. Holiday Shopping Guides. See all. AOL.
The rituals of self-discipline were nothing new. He’d kept a journal since the 8th grade documenting his daily meals and workout routines. As a teenager, he’d woken up to the words of legendary coaches he’d copied from books and taped to his bedroom walls — John Wooden on preparation, Vince Lombardi on sacrifice and Dan Gable on goals.
Designed for everyday walks, jogs and light workouts, the Tree Dasher 2 is the brand's reimagining of an everyday active shoe — one with more responsive foam, extra grip, and an improved fit to ...