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In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material trapped inside a mineral during its formation. In gemology , it is an object enclosed within a gemstone or reaching its surface from the interior. [ 1 ] According to James Hutton 's law of inclusions, fragments included in a host rock are older than the host rock itself.
The timing of mineral crystallization can be used to categorize diamond inclusions into three types: protogenetic, syngenetic, and epigenetic inclusions. [14] Minerals in the protogenetic inclusions were crystallized earlier than the diamond formation. The host diamond encapsulated pre-existing minerals during its crystallization.
A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase ...
Pyrargyrite is a sulfosalt mineral consisting of silver sulfantimonite, Ag 3 SbS 3. Known also as dark red silver ore, ruby blende, garnete blende or ruby silver, it is an important source of the metal. It is closely allied to, and isomorphous with, the corresponding sulfarsenide known as proustite or light red silver ore.
"Herkimer Diamant" - Middleville, County of Herkimer, New York, US. Herkimer diamonds are double-terminated quartz crystals discovered within exposed outcrops of dolomite in and around Herkimer County, New York, and the Mohawk River Valley in the US.
Hydrothermal ore minerals, which typically form from high temperature aqueous solutions, trap tiny bubbles of liquids or gases when cooling and forming solid rock. The trapped fluid in an inclusion preserves a record of the composition, temperature and pressure of the mineralizing environment. [1] An inclusion often contains two or more phases ...
The aluminium-bearing minerals of these fragments provide clues to the depth of origin. Calcic plagioclase is stable to a depth of 25 km (16 mi). Between 25 km (16 mi) and about 60 km (37 mi), spinel is the stable aluminium phase. At depths greater than about 60 km, dense garnet becomes the aluminium-bearing
Sodalite (/ ˈ s oʊ. d ə ˌ l aɪ t / SOH-də-lyte) is a tectosilicate mineral with the formula Na 8 (Al 6 Si 6 O 24)Cl 2, with royal blue varieties widely used as an ornamental gemstone. ...