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When a node needs to send a frame to a host after its corresponding ARP cache entry expires it must first send an ARP broadcast frame, which the switch must forward through all ports, to discover the (current) MAC address of the host. Misconfigured features of the networks may lead to unicast flooding as well.
In this case the switch marks the frame for flooding and sends it to all forwarding ports within the respective VLAN. Forwarding this type of traffic can create unnecessary traffic that leads to poor network performance or even a complete loss of network service. [6] This flooding of packets is known as a unicast flooding. [7] [5]
In uncontrolled flooding each node unconditionally distributes packets to each of its neighbors. Without conditional logic to prevent indefinite recirculation of the same packet, broadcast storms are a hazard. Controlled flooding has its own two algorithms to make it reliable, SNCF (Sequence Number Controlled Flooding) and RPF (reverse-path ...
In computer networking, a media access control attack or MAC flooding is a technique employed to compromise the security of network switches.The attack works by forcing legitimate MAC table contents out of the switch and forcing a unicast flooding behavior potentially sending sensitive information to portions of the network where it is not normally intended to go.
Switching loops can cause misleading entries in a switch's media access control (MAC) database and can cause endless unicast frames to be broadcast throughout the network. A loop can make a switch receive the same broadcast frames on two different ports, and alternatingly associate the sending MAC address with the one or the other port.
In bridging packets between ports, a switch should only emit a frame on the port where the destination network device resides , unless the frame is for all nodes on the switch , multiple nodes or if the switch doesn't know where the destination device resides (unicast flood).
The core bridges act as transit nodes. The packets are forwarded based on outer VLAN ID (B-VID) and Destination MAC address (B-DA). Forwarding is based on the static forwarding database (FDB) entries; dynamic MAC learning is not used. Any incoming broadcast or multicast frames are either dropped or encapsulated as unicast within the trunk.
This behavior is called unicast flooding. Forwarding. Once a bridge learns the addresses of its connected nodes, it forwards data link layer frames using a layer-2 ...