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The rice provides the fish with shelter and shade and a reduced water temperature, along with herbivorous insects and other small animals that feed on the rice. [7] Rice benefits from nitrogenous waste from the fish, while the fish reduce insect pests such as brown planthoppers, diseases such as sheath blight of rice, and weeds. [7]
Oryza glaberrima, commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. [1] It was first domesticated and grown in West Africa around 3,000 years ago. [2] [3] In agriculture, it has largely been replaced by higher-yielding Asian rice (), [2] and the number of varieties grown is declining. [1]
One of the earliest known examples of companion planting is the growing of rice with Azolla, the mosquito fern, which covers the top of a fresh rice paddy's water, blocking out any competing plants, as well as fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere for the rice to use. The rice is planted when it is tall enough to poke out above the azolla.
Rice husk ash has long been used in ceramic glazes in rice growing regions in the Far East, e.g. China and Japan. [2] Being about 95% silica, it is an easy way of introducing the necessary silica into the glaze, and the small particle size helps with an early melt of the glaze.
The rice plant can grow to over 1 m (3 ft) tall; if in deep water, it can reach a length of 5 m (16 ft). A single plant may have several leafy stems or tillers.The upright stem is jointed with nodes along its length; a long slender leaf arises from each node. [1]
Kalanamak rice was granted the Geographical Indication (GI) Tag in 2012 by the Government of India. A geographical area was defined where Kalanamak rice can be produced. Kalanamak rice grown only in this area can be labelled as Kalanamak rice. [3] The GI tag is used for agricultural, natural and manufactured goods.
Reduced water consumption: This is because rice plants do not require continuously flooded conditions to grow, [13] and that water savings can be achieved without compromising yields. Studies have shown that SRI can reduce water use by 25-50% compared to conventional rice farming, while maintaining or increasing yields. [14] [15]
The term “upland rice” refers to rice cultivated in non-flooded conditions, and it can encompass various specific definitions. While most of the world's rice is grown in paddy fields or wet environments that require significant amount of water, rice itself does not inherently need flooding to thrive.