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  2. Electric arc furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_arc_furnace

    An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats material by means of an electric arc. Industrial arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one-tonne capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400-tonne units used for secondary steelmaking. Arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by ...

  3. Electric arc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_arc

    An electric arc between two nails. An electric arc (or arc discharge) is an electrical breakdown of a gas that produces a prolonged electrical discharge. The current through a normally nonconductive medium such as air produces a plasma, which may produce visible light. An arc discharge is initiated either by thermionic emission or by field ...

  4. Paschen's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paschen's_law

    The voltage required to arc this distance is 327 V, which is insufficient to ignite the arcs for gaps that are either wider or narrower. For a 3.5 μm gap, the required voltage is 533 V, nearly twice as much. If 500 V were applied, it would not be sufficient to arc at the 2.85 μm distance, but would arc at a 7.5 μm distance.

  5. Induction furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_furnace

    Induction furnaces do not require an arc, as in an electric arc furnace, or combustion, as in a blast furnace. As a result, the temperature of the charge (the material entered into the furnace for heating, not to be confused with electric charge) is no higher than required to melt it; this can prevent the loss of valuable alloying elements. [5]

  6. Submerged-arc furnace for phosphorus production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submerged-arc_furnace_for...

    A submerge-arc furnace's shell or casing is fabricated from steel. The lower part is lined with hard blocks of strongly calcined carbon, and the upper part with firebrick. The floor and lower section of the furnace are water-cooled. Three electrodes are placed at the angles of an equilateral triangle with rounded corners.

  7. List of IEC standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards

    IEC 60134 Rating systems for electronic tubes and valves and analogous semiconductor devices; IEC 60135 Numbering of electrodes and designation of units in electronic tubes and valves; IEC 60136 Dimensions of brushes and brush-holders for electrical machinery; IEC 60137 Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 V

  8. Industrial furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_furnace

    An industrial furnace, also known as a direct heater or a direct fired heater, is a device used to provide heat for an industrial process, typically higher than 400 degrees Celsius. [1] They are used to provide heat for a process or can serve as reactor which provides heats of reaction.

  9. Arc flash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_flash

    An arc flash is the light and heat produced as part of an arc fault (sometimes referred to as an electrical flashover), a type of electrical explosion or discharge that results from a connection through air to ground or another voltage phase in an electrical system. Arc flash is distinctly different from the arc blast, which is the supersonic ...