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Lithium Lithium is the "classic" mood stabilizer, the first to be approved by the US FDA, and still popular in treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring is required to ensure lithium levels remain in the therapeutic range: 0.6 to 0.8 or 0.8–1.2 mEq/L (or millimolar). Signs and symptoms of toxicity include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and ataxia. [3]
It contained the mood stabilizer lithium citrate, and was one of many patent medicine products popular in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. [137] Its name was soon changed to 7 Up. All American beverage makers were forced to remove lithium from beverages in 1948.
Lithium citrate was removed from 7Up in 1948 [5] after the Food and Drug Administration banned its use in soda. [6] Lithium citrate is used as a mood stabilizer and is used to treat mania, hypomania, depression and bipolar disorder. [7] It can be administered orally in the form of a syrup. [7]
John Frederick Joseph Cade AO [1] [2] [3] (18 January 1912 – 16 November 1980) was an Australian psychiatrist who in 1948 discovered the effects of lithium carbonate as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder, then known as manic depression.
Depakote (valproic acid/sodium valproate) – an antiepileptic and mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder, neuropathic pain and others; sometimes called an antimanic medication. Depakene is the trade name for the same drug prepared without sodium.
Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) – mood stabilizer (mechanism of action unknown/unclear) Thyroxine (T 4) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist) Triiodothyronine (T 3) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist)
As a result, kidney function and blood levels of lithium are monitored in patients being treated with lithium. [2] Therapeutic plasma levels of lithium range from 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L, with levels of 0.8 or higher being desirable in acute mania. [14] Lithium levels should be above 0.6 mEq/L to reduce both manic and depressive episodes in patients. [15]
For antihypertensive drugs, diuretics causes sodium loss, which reduces the renal clearance of lithium, while symptoms of lithium toxicity have also been reported when methyldopa is used together with lithium. [15] NSAIDs have similar effects to diuretics drugs, which is decreasing the renal clearance of lithium.