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Modern turbofans are a development of the turbojet; they are basically turbojets that include a new section called the fan stage. Rather than using all their exhaust gases to provide direct thrust like a turbojet, turbofan engines extract some of the power from the exhaust gases inside the engine and use it to power the fan stage.
Turbofans are the most efficient engines in the range of speeds from about 500 to 1,000 km/h (270 to 540 kn; 310 to 620 mph), the speed at which most commercial aircraft operate. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] In a turbojet (zero-bypass) engine, the high temperature and high pressure exhaust gas is accelerated when it undergoes expansion through a propelling ...
The type of jet engine used to explain the conversion of fuel into thrust is the ramjet.It is simpler than the turbojet which is, in turn, simpler than the turbofan.It is valid to use the ramjet example because the ramjet, turbojet and turbofan core all use the same principle to produce thrust which is to accelerate the air passing through them.
Turbofans are usually more efficient than turbojets at subsonic speeds, but at high speeds their large frontal area generates more drag. [21] Therefore, in supersonic flight, and in military and other aircraft where other considerations have a higher priority than fuel efficiency, fans tend to be smaller or absent.
The physical size of the gearbox was 17 inches (430 mm) in diameter, [2] or no more than half the gearbox size of the PW-Allison 578-DX propfan demonstrator engine that Pratt & Whitney worked jointly on with Allison in the 1980s. The gearbox consisted of 40 components, weighed 500 lb (230 kg), and shared a 3-U.S.-gallon (11-liter) oil tank with ...
In February 2012, GE announced studies on a more efficient derivative of the GE90, calling it the GE9X, to power both the -8 and -9 variants of the new Boeing 777X.It was to feature the same 128 in (325 cm) fan diameter as the GE90-115B with thrust decreased by 15,800 lbf (70 kN) to a new rating of 99,500 lbf (443 kN) per engine. [1]
This operation is a more efficient way to provide thrust than simply using the jet nozzle alone, and turbofans are more efficient than propellers in the transsonic range of aircraft speeds and can operate in the supersonic realm. A turbofan typically has extra turbine stages to turn the fan.
TSFC or SFC for thrust engines (e.g. turbojets, turbofans, ramjets, rockets, etc.) is the mass of fuel needed to provide the net thrust for a given period e.g. lb/(h·lbf) (pounds of fuel per hour-pound of thrust) or g/(s·kN) (grams of fuel per second-kilonewton). Mass of fuel is used, rather than volume (gallons or litres) for the fuel ...
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