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Mardi Gras papier-mâché masks, Haiti. Papier-mâché (UK: / ˌ p æ p i eɪ ˈ m æ ʃ eɪ / PAP-ee-ay MASH-ay, US: / ˌ p eɪ p ər m ə ˈ ʃ eɪ / PAY-pər mə-SHAY, French: [papje mɑʃe] - the French term "mâché" here means "crushed and ground" [1]) is a versatile craft technique with roots in ancient China, in which waste paper is shredded and mixed with water and a binder to produce ...
South African Pulp and Paper Industries Limited was founded in 1936. [9] The company is now known as Sappi and is headquartered in Johannesburg, [10] [11] It produces and sells commodity paper products, pulp, dissolving pulp, and forest and timber products for Southern Africa and export markets. [12]
With new technologies and manufacturing techniques, the art of paper papier-mâché is slowly dying. [12] The economic viability of the art, has taken a hit due to machine carving and artisans preferring other jobs. [13] The art and its products most cater to the premier luxury sector with the price range on the upper side. [14]
Paste paper used as a book covering, c. 1749. Paste paper is a type of surface design in which a colored, viscous media (generally starch paste ) is applied directly to the surface of a paper sheet and modified with various tools and techniques to render an array of patterns and effects.
[1] [3] The paper and cardboard used is mostly waste paper, such as old newspapers and boxes, with decorative elements, such as crepe paper being new. [2] [5] Most shapes are created with molds, then painted with acrylics. [5] Most of the production since colonial times has followed the annual calendar of religious and civic events.
Wheatpaste (also known as flour and water paste, flour paste, or simply paste) is a gel or liquid adhesive made from wheat flour or starch and water. It has been used since antiquity for various arts and crafts such as bookbinding , [ 1 ] découpage , collage , papier-mâché , and adhering paper posters and notices to walls.
Crane & Co., Dalton, Massachusetts (Main supplier of paper for the U.S. dollar) Curtis Paper Mill, Newark, Delaware (Closed paper mill also known as the Nonantum Mill) Domtar Ashdown Paper Mill, Ashdown, Arkansas [291] [292] Hawesville Paper Mill, Hawesville, Kentucky [293] [294] Johnsonburg Paper Mill, Johnsonburg, Pennsylvania [295] [296] [297]
Brown craft paper is used as a final layer for taka made for export. This provides a thicker base and smoother finish for the craft. Taka is also painted. The traditional way of painting a taka is to use primary colors, add simple flower motifs and use repetitive lines and shapes.