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Serum 25(OH)D concentration is used as a biomarker for vitamin D deficiency. Units of measurement are either ng/mL or nmol/L, with one ng/mL equal to 2.5 nmol/L. There is not a consensus on defining vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, sufficiency, or optimal for all aspects of health. [20]
Multivitamins nutrition facts label showing that the international unit of, for example, vitamins D and E correspond to different gram values. In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances.
DRIs are established for elements, vitamins, and macronutrients. Common elemental [17] and vitamin [18] doses are measured in milligrams per day (mg/d) or micrograms per day (μg/d). Common macronutrient [19] doses are in grams per day (g/d). Recommended doses for all three are established by both gender and age.
Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body. [1] [7] [2] One nanogram per millilitre (1 ng/mL) is equivalent to 2.5 nanomoles per litre (2.5 nmol/L). Severe deficiency: < 12 ng/mL = < 30 nmol/L [2]
The ISMP recommends the non-SI symbol mcg instead. [1] However, the abbreviation mcg is also the symbol for an obsolete centimetre–gram–second system of units unit of measure known as millicentigram, which is equal to 10 μg. Gamma (symbol: γ) is a deprecated non-SI unit of mass equal to 1 μg. [2]
Calcifediol is strongly bound in blood by the vitamin D-binding protein. [5] Measurement of serum calcifediol is the usual test performed to determine a person's vitamin D status, to show vitamin D deficiency or sufficiency. [4] [5] Calcifediol is available as an oral medication in some countries to supplement vitamin D status. [4] [6] [7]
Vitamin D toxicity, or hypervitaminosis D, is the toxic state of an excess of vitamin D. The normal range for blood concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in adults is 20 to 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).
Ergocalciferol may be used as a vitamin D supplement, whereas cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) is produced naturally by the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light. [15] Ergocalciferol (D 2 ) and cholecalciferol (D 3 ) are considered to be equivalent for vitamin D production, as both forms appear to have similar efficacy in ameliorating rickets ...