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The equipment for the techniques also varies from the bulky to the small and convenient. A-B techniques generally use two separate microphone units, often mounted on a bar to define the separation. X-Y microphone capsules can be mounted in one unit, or even on the top of a handheld digital recorder.
The placement can be done with three separate microphone stands or using one or more bars. In contrast to the ORTF stereo technique , the Decca Tree size is not fixed and may vary considerably; distances between the two back microphones are seen between 0.6 and 1.2 m; the front microphone is set proportionally and can be mounted slightly lower ...
This means that (1) moving the microphone closer to the sound source increases the signal level produced by the microphone, and (2) moving the microphone further away from undesirable noise sources will diminish the amount of noise in the microphone signal. Microphone placement is therefore an important aspect of gain staging [citation needed].
Surround microphone techniques largely depend on the setup used, therefore being biased towards the 5.1 surround setup, as this is the standard. [24] Surround recording techniques can be differentiated into those that use single arrays of microphones placed in close proximity, and those treating front and rear channels with separate arrays.
A-B stereo microphone placement. This uses two parallel omnidirectional microphones some distance apart, capturing time-of-arrival stereo information as well as some level (amplitude) difference information – especially if employed in close proximity to the sound source(s).
A similar technique is known as the ORTF stereo technique, devised by the French ORTF. With this technique is the angle between the microphone axes α = ± 55° = 110° and the distance between the cardioid microphones (microphone basis) is in this case a = 17 cm and gives a total recording angle of 96°. The choice between one and the other ...
This technique combines both the volume difference and the timing difference as sound arrives on- and off-axis at two cardioid microphones spread to a 110° angle, and spaced 17 cm apart. [1] The microphones should be as similar as possible, preferably a frequency-matched pair of an identical type and model.
Noise-cancelling microphones can assist in this, but do not substitute for proper mic placement and gain settings. If you use a headset boom microphone, be aware that lower-cost models have omni-directional elements that will pick up background noise. Models with uni-directional or noise-cancelling elements are best.