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1991 – A color atlas of avian anatomy by John McLelland explores the external features, skeleton, and body systems of birds; 1992 – Publication of the Handbook of Birds of the World series starts; 1992 – Avibase database commenced by Bird Studies Canada. At 2010 the database holds 5 million records of 10,000 species (22,000 subspecies ...
Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight.Birds have a light skeletal system and light but powerful musculature which, along with circulatory and respiratory systems capable of very high metabolic rates and oxygen supply, permit the bird to fly.
Ibis (formerly The Ibis), subtitled the International Journal of Avian Science, is the peer-reviewed scientific journal of the British Ornithologists' Union. It was established in 1859. [ 1 ] Topics covered include ecology , conservation, behaviour, palaeontology , and taxonomy of birds.
Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds. [1] Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds. [2]
The avian brain is the central organ of the nervous system in birds. Birds possess large, complex brains, which process, integrate, and coordinate information received from the environment and make decisions on how to respond with the rest of the body. Like in all chordates, the avian brain is contained within the skull bones of the head.
With the advent of scientific interest in birds, many paintings of birds were commissioned for books. [ 316 ] [ 317 ] Among the most famous of these bird artists was John James Audubon , whose paintings of North American birds were a great commercial success in Europe and who later lent his name to the National Audubon Society . [ 318 ]
Anatomy of the avian eye. The main structures of the bird eye are similar to those of other vertebrates.The outer layer of the eye consists of the transparent cornea at the front, and two layers of sclera — a tough white collagen fibre layer which surrounds the rest of the eye and supports and protects the eye as a whole.
Joseph P. Grinnell (February 27, 1877 – May 29, 1939) was an American field biologist and zoologist.He made extensive studies of the fauna of California, and is credited with introducing a method of recording precise field observations known as the Grinnell System. [1]
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