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  2. Ring network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_network

    Ring Protection reconfiguration for line faults of bidirectional rings can be very fast, as switching happens at a high level, and thus the traffic does not require individual rerouting. Ring topology helps mitigate collisions in a network. [5]

  3. Ring protection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_Protection

    In a telecommunication network, a ring network affords fault tolerance to the network because there are two paths between any two nodes on the network. Ring protection is the system used to assure communication continues in the event of failure of one of the paths. There are two widely used protection architectures: 1+1 protection and 1:1 ...

  4. Ethernet Ring Protection Switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_Ring_Protection...

    A ring link is bounded by two adjacent Ethernet Ring Nodes, and a port for a ring link is called a ring port. The minimum number of Ethernet Ring Nodes in an Ethernet Ring is three. [1] The fundamentals of this ring protection switching architecture are: The principle of loop avoidance.

  5. Protection ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_ring

    Privilege rings for the x86 available in protected mode. In computer science, hierarchical protection domains, [1] [2] often called protection rings, are mechanisms to protect data and functionality from faults (by improving fault tolerance) and malicious behavior (by providing computer security).

  6. System Management Mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Management_Mode

    System Management Mode (SMM, sometimes called ring −2 in reference to protection rings) [1] [2] is an operating mode of x86 central processor units (CPUs) in which all normal execution, including the operating system, is suspended.

  7. Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_Automatic...

    Other implementations include Ethernet Protection Switching Ring (EPSR) [1] by Allied Telesis which enhanced EAPS to provide full protected transport of IP Triple Play services (voice, video and internet traffic) for xDSL/FTTx deployments. EAPS/EPSR is the most widely deployed Ethernet protection switching solution deployed with major multi ...

  8. Resilient Packet Ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resilient_Packet_Ring

    Resilient Packet Ring (RPR), as defined by IEEE standard 802.17, is a protocol designed for the transport of data traffic over optical fiber ring networks. The standard began development in November 2000 [ 1 ] and has undergone several amendments since its initial standard was completed in June 2004.

  9. Protected mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_mode

    Example of privilege ring usage in an operating system using all rings. In protected mode, there are four privilege levels or rings, numbered from 0 to 3, with ring 0 being the most privileged and 3 being the least. The use of rings allows for system software to restrict tasks from accessing data, call gates or executing privileged instructions ...