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Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
As with any buffer system, the pH is balanced by the presence of both a weak acid (for example, H 2 CO 3) and its conjugate base (for example, HCO − 3) so that any excess acid or base introduced to the system is neutralized. Failure of this system to function properly results in acid-base imbalance, such as acidemia (pH < 7.35) and alkalemia ...
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The pH of the extracellular fluid, including the blood plasma, is normally tightly regulated between 7.32 and 7.42 by the chemical buffers, the respiratory system, and the renal system. [ 13 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 1 ] The normal pH in the fetus differs from that in the adult.
In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications. For example, besides buffers being used in lab processes, human blood acts as a buffer to maintain pH.
Recall that the relationship represented in a Davenport diagram is a relationship between three variables: P CO 2, bicarbonate concentration and pH.Thus, Fig. 7 can be thought of as a topographical map—that is, a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional surface—where each isopleth indicates a different partial pressure or “altitude.”
h 2 o + co 2 ⇌ h 2 co 3 ⇌ h + + hco 3 – Since biological cells contain fluid that can act as a buffer, pH i can be maintained fairly well within a certain range. [ 11 ] Cells adjust their pH i accordingly upon an increase in acidity or basicity, usually with the help of CO 2 or HCO 3 – sensors present in the membrane of the cell. [ 3 ]
For example, there is only about 150 milliliters (5.3 imp fl oz; 5.1 U.S. fl oz) of cerebrospinal fluid in the entire central nervous system at any moment. All of the above-mentioned fluids are produced by active cellular processes working with blood plasma as the raw material, and they are all more or less similar to blood plasma except for ...