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To indicate that notes sound an octave higher than written, a treble clef with an 8 positioned above the clef may be used for penny whistle, soprano and sopranino recorder, and other high woodwind parts. A treble clef with a 15 above (sounding two octaves above the standard treble clef) is used for the garklein (sopranissimo) recorder.
Octave clef Treble and bass clefs can be modified by octave numbers. An "8" below the clef (as in the third diagram) indicates that pitches will sound an octave lower than they would with the unmodified clef. A "15" below indicates a two-octave shift. These numbers may also be used above the clef to indicate pitches one or two octaves higher.
Transposes at the octave. Some whistle players treat whistles pitched higher or lower than the "standard" D tin whistle as (additionally) transposing instruments. Trombone Tenor Trombone: C4 When noted in treble clef Alto trombone: C4 Reads Alto Clef Soprano trombone: C4 May be B ♭ 3 like a B ♭ trumpet Bass Trombone C4
When the soprano and alto are notated in one staff, all stems for the soprano go up, and all for the alto go down. Similarly, when the tenor and bass are notated in one staff, the upper voice is marked by stems up, and both voices are written in bass clef, while the tenor is usually written in treble clef marked an octave down if it has its own staff.
The tenor is pitched in the key of B ♭ (while the alto is pitched in the key of E ♭), and written as a transposing instrument in the treble clef, sounding an octave and a major second lower than the written pitch.
Conventional treble clef in B ♭ (French notation). This sounds an octave and a major second lower than written and therefore uses the same fingerings as the soprano clarinet, and is the most common. Bass clef in B ♭ (German notation). This sounds a major second (tone, or whole step) lower than written.
Euphonium music may be notated in the bass clef as a non-transposing instrument or in the treble clef as a transposing instrument in B ♭. In British brass bands, it is typically treated as a treble-clef instrument, while in American band music, parts may be written in either treble clef or bass clef, or both.
Sometimes written with “8v” below the treble, to represent the octave (8 tones in a major scale). Tenor C is an organ builder's term for small C or C 3 (130.813 Hz), the note one octave below middle C. In older stoplists it usually means that a rank was not yet full compass, omitting the bottom octave, until that octave was added later on.