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To indicate that notes sound an octave higher than written, a treble clef with an 8 positioned above the clef may be used for penny whistle, soprano and sopranino recorder, and other high woodwind parts. A treble clef with a 15 above (sounding two octaves above the standard treble clef) is used for the garklein (sopranissimo) recorder.
Octave clef Treble and bass clefs can be modified by octave numbers. An "8" below the clef (as in the third diagram) indicates that pitches will sound an octave lower than they would with the unmodified clef. A "15" below indicates a two-octave shift. These numbers may also be used above the clef to indicate pitches one or two octaves higher.
Transposes at the octave. Some whistle players treat whistles pitched higher or lower than the "standard" D tin whistle as (additionally) transposing instruments. Trombone Tenor Trombone: C4 When noted in treble clef Alto trombone: C4 Reads Alto Clef Soprano trombone: C4 May be B ♭ 3 like a B ♭ trumpet Bass Trombone C4
Sometimes written with “8v” below the treble, to represent the octave (8 tones in a major scale). Tenor C is an organ builder's term for small C or C 3 (130.813 Hz), the note one octave below middle C. In older stoplists it usually means that a rank was not yet full compass, omitting the bottom octave, until that octave was added later on.
When the soprano and alto are notated in one staff, all stems for the soprano go up, and all for the alto go down. Similarly, when the tenor and bass are notated in one staff, the upper voice is marked by stems up, and both voices are written in bass clef, while the tenor is usually written in treble clef marked an octave down if it has its own staff.
Conventional treble clef in B ♭ (French notation). This sounds an octave and a major second lower than written and therefore uses the same fingerings as the soprano clarinet, and is the most common. Bass clef in B ♭ (German notation). This sounds a major second (tone, or whole step) lower than written.
In order to avoid the use of excessive ledger lines, music for these instruments may be written one, or even two, octaves away from concert pitch, using treble or bass clef. These instruments are said to "transpose at the octave"—their music is not written in a different key from concert pitch instruments, but sound one or two octaves higher ...
The contra-alto flute is a large member of the flute family, pitched between the bass and the contrabass.It is a transposing instrument either in G (a perfect fourth below the bass and one octave below the alto) or in F (a perfect fifth below the bass and a major ninth below the alto).