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Two-wire circuits in new installations are limited to intercom and military field telephone applications, though these too are being supplanted by modern digital communication modes. To communicate in both directions in the same wire pair, conversion between four-wire and two-wire was necessary, both at the telephone and at the central office .
An electronic path between two or more points, capable of providing a single or multiple communication channels. An electronic closed-loop path among two or more points used for signal transfer. In operational terms, a telecommunication circuit may be capable of transmitting information in only one direction ( simplex circuit), or it may be bi ...
Listening devices of the East German security services A microphone disguised as a power outlet plate. A covert listening device, more commonly known as a bug or a wire, is usually a combination of a miniature radio transmitter with a microphone.
A signaling protocol is a type of communications protocol for encapsulating the signaling between communication endpoints and switching systems to establish or terminate a connection and to identify the state of connection. The following is a list of signaling protocols: ALOHA; Digital Subscriber System No. 1 (EDSS1) Dual-tone multi-frequency ...
An optical communication system is any form of communications system that uses light as the transmission medium. Equipment consists of a transmitter, which encodes a message into an optical signal, a communication channel, which carries the signal to its destination, and a receiver, which reproduces the message from the received optical signal.
As the public switched telephone network expanded in size and scope, using many individual wires inside the telco plant became so impractical and labor-intensive that in-office and inter-office signal wiring progressed to high bandwidth coaxial cable (still a popular interconnection method in the 21st century, used with the Lucent 5ESS Class-5 ...
It is a packet-switched communication network that allows call control and transaction messages from the voice and data networks to be transferred on communications paths that are separate from the voice and data connections. CCS messages provide for transaction-based services and for call control signaling between network nodes.
The wires between the junction box and the exchange are known as the local loop, and the network of wires going to an exchange is known as the access network. The vast majority of houses in the U.S. are wired with 6-position modular jacks with four conductors wired to the house's junction box with copper wires.