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  2. Estimand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimand

    An estimand is a quantity that is to be estimated in a statistical analysis. [1] The term is used to distinguish the target of inference from the method used to obtain an approximation of this target (i.e., the estimator) and the specific value obtained from a given method and dataset (i.e., the estimate). [2]

  3. Estimation statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimation_statistics

    Many significance tests have an estimation counterpart; [26] in almost every case, the test result (or its p-value) can be simply substituted with the effect size and a precision estimate. For example, instead of using Student's t-test, the analyst can compare two independent groups by calculating the mean difference and its 95% confidence ...

  4. Shrinkage (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrinkage_(statistics)

    In loose terms this means that a naive or raw estimate is improved by combining it with other information. The term relates to the notion that the improved estimate is made closer to the value supplied by the 'other information' than the raw estimate. In this sense, shrinkage is used to regularize ill-posed inference problems.

  5. Bootstrapping (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping_(statistics)

    the jackknife procedure, used to estimate biases of sample statistics and to estimate variances, and; cross-validation, in which the parameters (e.g., regression weights, factor loadings) that are estimated in one subsample are applied to another subsample.

  6. Local average treatment effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_average_treatment_effect

    By leveraging instrumental variables, Aronow and Carnegie (2013) [19] propose a new reweighting method called Inverse Compliance Score weighting (ICSW), with a similar intuition behind IPW. This method assumes compliance propensity is a pre-treatment covariate and compliers would have the same average treatment effect within their strata.

  7. Estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimator

    In statistics, an estimator is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given quantity based on observed data: thus the rule (the estimator), the quantity of interest (the estimand) and its result (the estimate) are distinguished. [1] For example, the sample mean is a commonly used estimator of the population mean. There are point and interval ...

  8. Difference in differences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_in_differences

    Difference in differences (DID [1] or DD [2]) is a statistical technique used in econometrics and quantitative research in the social sciences that attempts to mimic an experimental research design using observational study data, by studying the differential effect of a treatment on a 'treatment group' versus a 'control group' in a natural experiment. [3]

  9. Estimation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimation

    The sample provides information that can be projected, through various formal or informal processes, to determine a range most likely to describe the missing information. An estimate that turns out to be incorrect will be an overestimate if the estimate exceeds the actual result [3] and an underestimate if the estimate falls short of the actual ...