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The table shows how the two systems rate high-brightness papers, but there is no simple way to convert between the two systems because the test methods are so different. [4] The ISO rating is higher and can be over 100. This is because contemporary white paper incorporates fluorescent whitening agents (FWA). Because the ISO standard only ...
The traditional ECF sequence is DEopDEpD [1]: 14 using the common letter symbols for bleaching stages, [2] though many improved sequences are available. [ 1 ] : 15 Totally chlorine free (TCF) is paper that does not use any chlorine compounds for wood pulp bleaching.
Let it set for a few minutes and then wipe clean with a lint-free cloth or paper towel. One note: Don’t use Windex on your wood furniture, as the ammonia may damage it. Clean Light Fixtures
To start, a diluted cleaning solution (white vinegar, bleach and detergent) is sprayed onto all surfaces to be cleaned, Using the same machine, the area is then rinsed; this is typically followed by vacuum suctioning that removes the applied liquid along with the suspended solids and dissolved contaminants that have been removed from the surface.
Paper Coating 1) The paper or board 2) The first layer of coating to even out the surface 3) A second layer for an even smoother and whiter surface. Pigments that absorb in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum can be added. As the dye absorbs light, the brightness of the paper will decrease, unlike the effect of an optical ...
Soft washing is a cleaning method using low pressure water. More recently, the term "softwashing" has been used to describe any form of spraying chemicals at buildings where solutions (typically sodium hypochlorite based softwashing chemicals) are used to remove mildew, bacteria, algae and other organic stains from roofs and other building exteriors.
Active oxygen bleaching agents include sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium perphosphate, sodium persulfate, and urea peroxide. These compounds release hydrogen peroxide during the wash cycle, but the release of hydrogen peroxide is low when these compounds are used in temperatures below 45 °C (113 °F).
White liquor consists mainly of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide in water and is the active component in Kraft pulping. [1] White liquor also contains minor amounts of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate and other accumulated salts and non-process elements. These additional components are ...