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The history of the Uyghur people extends over more than two millennia and can be divided into four distinct phases: Pre-Imperial (300 BC – AD 630), Imperial (AD 630–840), Idiqut (AD 840–1200), and Mongol (AD 1209–1600), with perhaps a fifth modern phase running from the death of the Silk Road in AD 1600 until the present.
After the fall of the Uyghur Khaganate, the Uyghurs migrated south and established the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom in modern Gansu [52] and the Kingdom of Qocho near modern Turpan. The Uyghurs in Qocho converted to Buddhism, and, according to Mahmud al-Kashgari , were "the strongest of the infidels", while the Ganzhou Uyghurs were conquered by the ...
It was founded by refugees fleeing the destruction of the Uyghur Khaganate after being driven out by the Yenisei Kirghiz. They made their winter capital in Qocho (also called Gaochang or Qara-Khoja , near modern Turpan ) and summer capital in Beshbalik (modern Jimsar County , also known as Tingzhou). [ 10 ]
The Song recognized the Ganzhou Uyghurs, as well as the Qarakhanids and the Qocho Uyghurs, as the collective descendants of the former Uyghur Khaganate. [12] Arab sources, for example the account of Arab traveller Abū Dulaf (which may have been based on other sources of the period), seems to have referred to the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom as "China".
A khanate or khaganate is a type of historic polity ruled by a khan, khagan, khatun, or khanum. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Khanates were typically nomadic Turkic , Tatar and Mongol societies located on the Eurasian Steppe , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] politically equivalent in status to kinship-based chiefdoms and feudal monarchies .
The Uyghur Khaganate replaced the Second Turkic Khaganate in Inner Asia in 745 CE. Its founder was Kutluk Bilge Köl (745-747). Unlike their predecessors, they were allies of the Tang dynasty and in the early days of the khaganate the khagans (rulers) supported the Tang emperor against the rebellious general An Lushan.
Kutlug Bilge Qaghan (?–747), the first leader of the Uyghur Khaganate, the successor state to the Second Turkic Khaganate; Bayanchur Qaghan (713–759), the second leader of the Uyghur Khaganate; Bogu Qaghan (?–780), the third leader of the Uyghur Khaganate; Tun Baga Tarkhan (born c. 737–742; died 789), the fourth leader of the Uyghur ...
This timeline is a supplement of the main article Uyghur. Dealing with the centuries between 400 and 900 AD, it refers to a critical period in the cultural formation of the Uyghur nation, as they transitioned from a minor Turkic tribe to the Uyghur Khaganate .