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Moral relativism or ethical relativism (often reformulated as relativist ethics or relativist morality) is used to describe several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments across different peoples and cultures. An advocate of such ideas is often referred to as a relativist.
Relativism is a family of philosophical views which deny claims to objectivity within a particular domain and assert that valuations in that domain are relative to the perspective of an observer or the context in which they are assessed. [1]
The book argues for both psychological relativism (the verifiable observation that norms differ between cultures) and ethical relativism, and attempts to base ethics on the biological basis for emotions. Westermarck argues for ethical relativism by emphasizing that there is no empirical basis for objective standards in ethical theory. [2]
Relativism is the bad faith of the conqueror, who has become secure enough to become a tourist. Cultural relativism is a purely intellectual attitude; it does not inhibit the anthropologist from participating as a professional in his own milieu; on the contrary, it rationalizes that milieu. Relativism is self-critical only in the abstract.
Ethics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena. ... like moral relativism, recognizes that people judge actions as right or wrong from different perspectives ...
Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity is a 1996 book by Gilbert Harman and Judith Jarvis Thomson, in which Harman tries to provide a defense of moral relativism and Thomson tries to refute it. Reception
Moral absolutism is not the same as moral universalism.Universalism holds merely that what is right or wrong is independent of custom or opinion (as opposed to moral relativism), [1] but not necessarily that what is right or wrong is independent of context or consequences (as in absolutism).
Other philosophers [2] contend that context-dependence leads to complete relativism. [3] In ethics, "contextualist" views are often closely associated with situational ethics, or with moral relativism. [4] Contextualism in architecture is a theory of design where modern building types are harmonized with urban forms usual to a traditional city. [5]