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One behavioral activation approach to depression had participants create a hierarchy of reinforcing activities, rank-ordered by difficulty. Participants then tracked goals along with clinicians who used a token economy to reinforce success in moving through the hierarchy of activities, being measured before and after by the Beck Depression Inventory.
Lynn P. Rehm proposed a self-control model of depression based on the three processes included in a feedback loop model of self-control: self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement. [3] In the self-control model, depression is characterized as the result of deficits in these processes of self-control.
The treatment approach that emerged from this research is called behavioral activation. In addition, use of positive reinforcement has been shown to improve symptoms of depression in children. [108] Reinforcement has also been shown to improve the self-concept in children with depression comorbid with learning difficulties. [109]
In children or adolescents, CBT is an effective part of treatment plans for anxiety disorders, [71] body dysmorphic disorder, [72] depression and suicidality, [73] eating disorders [7] and obesity, [74] obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), [75] and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), [76] tic disorders, trichotillomania, and other ...
The pilot study of the PCIT-ED was an open trial study that examined a group of preschool children with depression, assessing symptoms before and after treatment. This study showed decreased depressive symptoms in children, and most children no longer met major depressive disorder criteria upon completion of treatment.
Behavior modification is a treatment approach that uses respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior. Based on methodological behaviorism, [1] overt behavior is modified with (antecedent) stimulus control and consequences, including positive and negative reinforcement contingencies to increase desirable behavior, as well as positive and negative punishment, and extinction to reduce ...
Neither reinforcement nor extinction need to be deliberate in order to have an effect on a subject's behavior. For example, if a child reads books because they are fun, then the parents' decision to ignore the book reading will not remove the positive reinforcement (i.e., fun) the child receives from reading books.
For example, a review by Antoni and Dhabhar (2019) examined how psychosocial stress negatively impacts the immune response of patients with cancer. [32] Even if an expressive writing intervention cannot directly impact cancer prognosis, it may play an important role in mediating factors such as chronic stress, trauma, depression, and anxiety.