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For example, Albany, New York is roughly 140 miles north of New York City. Every site on Earth has a unique absolute location, which can be identified with a reference grid (such as latitude and longitude). Maps and globes can be used to find location and can also be used to convey other types of geographical information.
An alphanumeric grid (also known as atlas grid [1]) is a simple coordinate system on a grid in which each cell is identified by a combination of a letter and a number. [2]An advantage over numeric coordinates such as easting and northing, which use two numbers instead of a number and a letter to refer to a grid cell, is that there can be no confusion over which coordinate refers to which ...
These letters form the third and fourth characters of a full GEOREF coordinate. Four letters thus identify any 1-degree quadrangle in the world. Each of the 1-degree quadrangles is further subdivided into 60 1-minute longitude zones, numbered 00 through 59 from west to east, and 60 1-minute latitude bands, numbered 00 to 59 from south to north.
A grid-based spatial index has the advantage that the structure of the index can be created first, and data added on an ongoing basis without requiring any change to the index structure; indeed, if a common grid is used by disparate data collecting and indexing activities, such indices can easily be merged from a variety of sources.
The grid resolutions is a function of the number of digits — with leading zeroes filled when necessary, and fractional part with an appropriate number of digits to represent the required precision of the grid. Example: 38° 53 ′ 22.11″ N, 77° 2 ′ 6.88″ W. ISO 6709: 1983 7 decimal digits representation
An ABSOLUTE UNIT is a UNIT of measurement that can be defined, and is not arbitrary. I appreciated the consistency of all three theme answers leading to plural UNITS. Thank you, Stella, for this ...
The second digit (x0xx through x8xx) indicates the number of tens of degrees latitude (north in global quadrants 1 and 7, south in global quadrants 3 and 5) of the 'minimum' square boundary (nearest to the Equator), i.e. a cell extending between 10°N and 20°N (or 10°S and 20°S) has this digit = 1, a cell extending between 20°N and 30°N ...
reduced latitude (latitude on the auxiliary sphere) L 1, L 2: longitude of the points; L = L 2 − L 1: difference in longitude of two points; λ: Difference in longitude of the points on the auxiliary sphere; α 1, α 2: forward azimuths at the points; α: forward azimuth of the geodesic at the equator, if it were extended that far; s ...