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Map of the departments of Puerto Rico during Spanish provincial times (1886).. The history of Puerto Rico began with the settlement of the Ortoiroid people before 430 BC. At the time of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1493, the dominant indigenous culture was that of the Taíno.
Slaves were brought to Puerto Rico from Africa starting in 1513 and through the 18th century to replace the local native "Indian" slaves who had been decimated. [2] The new slaves worked the coffee, sugar cane, and gold mining industries in Puerto Rico. During the 18th century, as gold mining ceased to be one of the major industries in Puerto ...
Afro–Puerto Rican youth are learning more of their peoples' history from textbooks that encompass more Afro–Puerto Rican history. [ 56 ] [ 93 ] [ 94 ] The 2010 US census recorded the first drop of the percentage white people made up of Puerto Rico, and the first rise in the black percentage, in over a century. [ 95 ]
This was the time when the Republica Española (Spanish Republic) was declared (11 February 1873) and also the time when slavery was abolished in Puerto Rico (22 March 1873). Cortada's municipal assembly consisted of: Rafael Pujals , Federico Capo, Jose Antonio Renta, Celedonio Besosa, Olimpio Otero , Lazaro Martinez, Marcos Fugurull (padre ...
Slaves were brought to Puerto Rico from Africa starting in 1513 and through the 18th century to replace the local native "Indian" slaves who had been decimated. [4] The new slaves worked the coffee, sugar cane, and gold mining industries in Puerto Rico. During the 18th century, as gold mining ceased to be one of the major industries in Puerto ...
The term "white Puerto Rican", as well as that of "colored Puerto Rican", was coined by the United States Department of Defense in the first decade of the 20th century in order to handle their own North American problem with nonwhite people whom they were drafting and had its basis on the American one-drop rule. [6]
In 1873, slavery was abolished and, "by the 1880s coffee had replaced sugar as Puerto Rico's leading export staple and principal source of wealth." [ 9 ] In 1880, when it was called Hacienda Paraiso, it was owned by Miguel Marquez Enseñat [ 14 ] who paid workers with hacienda token money , which could only be used to purchase goods from a ...
In 1859, Ruiz Belvis returned to Puerto Rico and befriended Ramón Emeterio Betances, joining "The Secret Abolitionist Society" founded by Betances. The society baptized and emancipated thousands of black slave children. The event, which was known as "aguas de libertad" (waters of liberty), was carried out at the Cathedral of Mayagüez. [4]