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[11] [12] To prevent time-temperature abuse, the amount of time food spends in the danger zone must be minimized. [13] A logarithmic relationship exists between microbial cell death and temperature, that is, a small decrease of cooking temperature can result in considerable numbers of cells surviving the process. [14]
Food should be removed from "the danger zone" (see below) within two-four hours, either by cooling or heating. While most guidelines state two hours, a few indicate four hours is still safe. T: Temperature Foodborne pathogens grow best in temperatures between 41 and 135 °F (5 and 57 °C), a range referred to as the temperature danger zone (TDZ).
The USDA describes 40 to 140°F as the temperature “danger zone,” where bacteria growth is most likely to occur. And according to the USDA, two hours is the maximum time perishable food can be ...
Potentially Hazardous Food has been redefined by the US Food and Drug Administration in the 2013 FDA Food Code to Time/Temperature Control for Safety Food. [1] Pages 22 and 23 (pdf pages 54 and 55), state the following: PHF table A 2013 FDA Food Code. PHF table B 2013 FDA Food Code.
“The meat should have been kept out of the temperature danger zone (41°F to 135°F) for no more than two hours before it was put in the freezer.” ... “The frozen water particles in foods ...
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Storing food below or above the "danger zone" can effectively limit the production of toxins. For storing leftovers, the food must be put in shallow containers for quick cooling and must be refrigerated within two hours. When food is reheated, it must reach an internal temperature of 165 °F (74 °C) or until hot or steaming to kill bacteria. [21]
Lactic acid fermentation also preserves food and prevents spoilage. [15] Food like meat, poultry, milk and cream should be kept out of the Danger Zone (between 4 and 60 °C (39 and 140 °F)). Anything between that range is considered dangerous and can cause pathogenic toxins to be emitted, resulting in severe illness in the consumer. [4]