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1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene → 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride → 5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride 1,3-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene → 1,3-difluoro-4-nitrobenzene 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile → 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile. The nitro groups in the above compounds can be reduced to give the corresponding aniline. For example ...
4-Fluoroaniline can be prepared by the hydrogenation of 4-nitrofluorobenzene. [2] It is a common building block in medicinal chemistry and related fields. [3] For example, it is a precursor to the fungicide fluoroimide or the fentanyl analogue parafluorofentanyl. It has also been evaluated for the production of ligands for homogeneous catalysis ...
H 2 C=CH 2 + HCl → CH 3 CH 2 Cl. In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O. Secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding chlorides.
It is one of three isomeric fluoronitrobenzenes. [2] A yellow oil, it is prepared from 4-nitrochlorobenzene using the Halex process: O 2 NC 6 H 4 Cl + KF → O 2 NC 6 H 4 F + KCl. 4-Fluoronitrobenzene can be hydrogenated to give 4-fluoroaniline, [3] which is a precursor to the fungicide fluoroimide and parafluorofentanyl.
4-Chloroaniline is used in the industrial production of pesticides, drugs, and dyestuffs. It is a precursor to the widely used antimicrobial and bacteriocide chlorhexidine and is used in the manufacture of pesticides, including pyraclostrobin, anilofos, monolinuron, and chlorphthalim.
Bromoform was discovered in 1832 by Löwig who distilled a mixture of bromal and potassium hydroxide, as analogous to preparation of chloroform from chloral. [5]Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminium bromide.
Inorganic chloramines are produced by the reaction of ammonia and hypochlorous acid or chlorine. An urban legend claims that mixing household bleach (aqueous sodium hypochlorite ) with ammonia-based cleaners releases chlorine gas or mustard gas ; in reality, the gas produced by the reaction is a mixture of inorganic chloramines.
Trifluoroacetic acid in a beaker. TFA is the precursor to many other fluorinated compounds such as trifluoroacetic anhydride, trifluoroperacetic acid, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. [4] It is a reagent used in organic synthesis because of a combination of convenient properties: volatility, solubility in organic solvents, and its strength as an ...