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A grand design spiral galaxy is a spiral galaxy with prominent and well-defined spiral arms, as opposed to multi-arm and flocculent spirals which have subtler structural features. The spiral arms of a grand design galaxy extend clearly around the galaxy, covering a significant portion of the galaxy's circumference.
Messier 74 (also known as NGC 628 and Phantom Galaxy) is a large spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation Pisces. [a] It is about 32 million light-years away from Earth. [6] The galaxy contains two clearly defined spiral arms and is therefore used as an archetypal example of a grand design spiral galaxy. [7]
NGC 6118 is a grand design spiral galaxy located 83 million light-years away in the constellation Serpens (the Snake). It was discovered on 14 April 1785 by German-British astronomer William Herschel. [3] NGC 6118 measures roughly 110,000 light-years across; about the same as our own galaxy, the Milky Way.
The Whirlpool Galaxy, also known as Messier 51a (M51a) or NGC 5194, is an interacting grand-design spiral galaxy with a Seyfert 2 active galactic nucleus. [6] [7] [8] It lies in the constellation Canes Venatici, and was the first galaxy to be classified as a spiral galaxy. [9]
M83 is a massive, grand design spiral galaxy. [10] Its morphological classification in the De Vaucouleurs system is SAB(s)c, [2] where the 'SAB' denotes a weak-barred spiral, '(s)' indicates a pure spiral structure with no ring, and 'c' means the spiral arms are loosely wound. [11]
NGC 1232 is a face-on spiral galaxy. It can be technically considered a grand-design galaxy and is considered a prototype for multi-arm spiral galaxies. [7] Its galactic bulge is small. While NGC 1232 is classified as an intermediate spiral galaxy, the bulge shows hints of a galactic bar. [7]
Messier 100 (also known as NGC 4321 or the Mirror Galaxy) is a grand design intermediate spiral galaxy in the southern part of the mildly northern Coma Berenices. [5] It is one of the brightest and largest galaxies in the Virgo Cluster and is approximately 55 million light-years [3] from our galaxy, about 166,000 light-years in diameter.
NGC 4088 is a grand design spiral galaxy. [5] This means that the spiral arms in the galaxy's disk are sharply defined. In visible light, one of the spiral arms appears to have a disconnected segment. Halton Arp included this galaxy in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as one of several examples where this phenomenon occurs. [6]