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Baal Hammon, properly Baʿal Ḥamon (Phoenician and Punic: 𐤁𐤏𐤋 𐤇𐤌𐤍, romanized: Baʿl Ḥamōn), [1] meaning "Lord Hammon", was the chief god of ancient Carthage. He was a weather god considered responsible for the fertility of vegetation and esteemed as king of the gods .
Tanit or Tinnit (Punic: 𐤕𐤍𐤕 Tīnnīt [3]) was a chief deity of Ancient Carthage; she derives from a local Berber deity and the consort of Baal Hammon. [a] [5] [6] As Ammon is a local Libyan deity, [7] so is Tannit, who represents the matriarchal aspect of Numidian society, [2] whom the Egyptians identify as Neith and the Greeks identify as Athena.
The Carthaginians also adopted the Greek cults of Persephone (Kore) and Demeter in 396 BCE as a result of a plague that was seen as divine retribution for the Carthaginian desecration of these goddesses' shrines at Syracuse. [20] Nevertheless, Carthaginian religion did not undergo any significant Hellenization. [21]
Brad E. Kelle has suggested that references to cultic sexual practices in the worship of Baal, in Hosea 2, are evidence of an historical situation in which Israelites were either giving up Yahweh worship for Baal, or blending the two. Hosea's references to sexual acts being metaphors for Israelite "apostasy". [72]
The Carthage tophet, is an ancient sacred area dedicated to the Phoenician deities Tanit and Baal, located in the Carthaginian district of Salammbô, Tunisia, near the Punic ports. This tophet , a "hybrid of sanctuary and necropolis", [ 1 ] contains a large number of children's tombs which, according to some interpretations, were sacrificed or ...
The Roman Emperor Septimius Severus was a native of Lepcis Magna in Africa, an originally Phoenician city where worship of Melqart was widespread. He is known to have constructed in Rome a temple dedicated to " Liber and Hercules", and it is assumed that the Emperor, seeking to honour the god of his native city, identified Melqart with the ...
At Carthage, the chief gods were Baal Hammon (purportedly "Lord of the Brazier") [16] and his consort Tanit, but other deities are attested, such as Eshmun, Melqart, [17] Ashtart, Reshef, Sakon, and Shamash. [18] The Carthaginians also adopted the Greek goddesses Demeter and Kore in 396 BC, [19] as well as the Egyptian deities Bes, Bastet, Isis ...
In the mid 520s BC, Hasdrubal, along with his brother Hamilcar I, launched an expedition against Sardinia. [2]Hasdrubal was elected as "King" eleven times, was granted a triumph four times (the only Carthaginian to receive this honour – there is no record of anyone else being honoured to that extent by Carthage) and died of his battle wounds received in Sardinia. [3]