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Indirect solar desalination systems comprise two sub-systems: a solar collection system and a desalination system. The solar collection system is used, either to collect heat using solar collectors and supply it via a heat exchanger to a thermal desalination process, or to convert electromagnetic solar radiation to electricity using photovoltaic cells to power an electricity-driven ...
Low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) is a desalination technique which takes advantage of the fact that water evaporates at lower temperatures at low pressures, even as low as ambient temperature. The system uses vacuum pumps to create a low pressure, low-temperature environment in which water evaporates even at a temperature difference ...
In 2013, it agreed to design the Carlsbad desalination plant in Carlsbad, California. [6] It was expected to be completed by 2016, [ 7 ] however, due to the continuing drought in California, plant completion was advanced to late 2015, and was eventually finished in December, 2015. [ 8 ]
Ovivo is a water and wastewater treatment and purification company that has operations in 18 countries. The company is owned by SKion Water GmbH, a subsidiary of German entrepreneur Susanne Klatten’s investment holding SKion GmbH. Ovivo's Head Office is located in Montreal, in the province of Quebec .
Environmental organizations are sending a message to the city of Corpus Christi about continued pursuit of desalination plans. 'Our bay is not for sale': Environmental coalition responds to draft ...
Once unthinkable, given Israel's history of drought and lack of available fresh water resources, with desalination Israel can now produce a surplus of fresh water. [56] By 2014, Israel's desalination programs provided roughly 35% of Israel's drinking water, about 50% in 2015, and it is expected to supply 70% by 2050. [57]
where R is the gas constant (8.314 J mol −1 K −1), T the temperature (K), Φ v,fresh, the flow rate of the fresh water outflow (m 3 /s), C feed the concentration of ions in the feed water (mol/m 3) and C fresh the ion concentration in the fresh water outflow (mol/m 3) of the CDI cell.
A proposed alternative to desalination in the American Southwest is the commercial importation of bulk water from water-rich areas either by oil tankers converted to water carriers, or pipelines. The idea is politically unpopular in Canada, where governments imposed trade barriers to bulk water exports as a result of a North American Free Trade ...