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Malaria researchers have won multiple Nobel Prizes for their achievements, although the disease continues to afflict some 200 million patients each year, killing more than 600,000. Malaria was the most important health hazard encountered by U.S. troops in the South Pacific during World War II, where about 500,000 men were infected. [6]
Malaria is presently endemic in a broad band around the equator, in areas of the Americas, many parts of Asia, and much of Africa; in Sub-Saharan Africa, 85–90% of malaria fatalities occur. [221] An estimate for 2009 reported that countries with the highest death rate per 100,000 of population were Ivory Coast (86.15), Angola (56.93) and ...
The South African Malaria Initiative (SAMI) was established to facilitate the integration of malaria research and related capacity building in South Africa and the rest of Africa. [ 1 ] Through SAMI a virtual expertise network of malaria researchers was established to more effectively address the problem of malaria.
The infection is most prevalent in Africa, where 94% of malaria deaths occur. Children under five years of age are most affected, and 67% of malaria deaths occurred in this age group. 80% of the infection is found in Sub-Saharan Africa, 7% in South-East Asia, and 2% in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Blackwater fever is a serious complication of malaria, but cerebral malaria has a higher mortality rate. Blackwater fever is much less common today than it was before 1950. [4] It may be that quinine plays a role in triggering the condition, [5] and this drug is no longer commonly used for malaria prophylaxis. Quinine remains important for ...
Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen.This parasite is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria. [2] Although it is less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest of the five human malaria parasites, P. vivax malaria infections can lead to severe disease and death, often due to splenomegaly (a pathologically enlarged spleen).
It is widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa, much of southeast Asia, Indonesia, on many of the islands of the western Pacific and in areas of the Amazon Basin of South America. [5] In endemic regions, prevalence ranges from less than 4% to more than 20%, [7] but there is evidence that P. malariae infections are vastly underreported. [8]
In 2012, malaria caused an estimated 627,000 deaths, mostly among African children. [2] Asia, Latin America, and to a lesser extent the Middle East and parts of Europe are also affected. World Malaria Day sprang out of the efforts taking place across the African continent to commemorate Africa Malaria Day.