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Paper chromatography is a useful technique because it is relatively quick and requires only small quantities of material. Separations in paper chromatography involve the principle of partition. In paper chromatography, substances are distributed between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
Planar chromatography is a separation technique in which the stationary phase is present as or on a plane. The plane can be a paper, serving as such or impregnated by a substance as the stationary bed (paper chromatography) or a layer of solid particles spread on a support such as a glass plate (thin-layer chromatography).
Joseph Sherma and Gunter Zweig (Auth.) "Paper Chromatography" ISBN 978-0-12-784331-5 Ivor Smith and J. W. T. Seakins (Eds.) "Paper and Thin Layer Chromatography" ISBN 978-0-8151-7839-2 If I have time to revisit this page I may expand the article using the above resources.
The introduction of paper chromatography was an important analytical technique which gave rise to thin-layer chromatography. [13] Finally, gas-liquid chromatography, a fundamental technique in modern analytical chemistry, was described by Martin with coauthors A. T. James and G. Howard Smith in 1952.
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates components in non-volatile mixtures. [ 1 ] It is performed on a TLC plate made up of a non-reactive solid coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material. [ 2 ]
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a two-dimensional chromatography technique that combines the separation technique of gas chromatography with the identification technique of mass spectrometry. GC-MS is the single most important analytical tool for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in complex mixtures. [7]
Chromatographic peak resolution is given by = + where t R is the retention time and w b is the peak width at baseline. The bigger the time-difference and/or the smaller the bandwidths, the better the resolution of the compounds.
In chromatography, the retardation factor (R) is the fraction of an analyte in the mobile phase of a chromatographic system. [1] In planar chromatography in particular, the retardation factor R F is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the center of a spot to the distance traveled by the solvent front. [2]