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Cholera vaccinations by a Guinean nurse using a jet injector in Ziguinchor, Senegal, 1973. The first cholera vaccines were developed in the late 19th century. There were several pioneers in the development of the vaccine: The first known attempt at a cholera vaccine was made by Louis Pasteur and it was aimed at preventing cholera in chickens. [29]
Although cholera may be life-threatening, prevention of the disease is normally straightforward if proper sanitation practices are followed. In developed countries, due to their nearly universal advanced water treatment and sanitation practices, cholera is rare. For example, the last major outbreak of cholera in the United States occurred in ...
Cholera infections are most commonly acquired from drinking water in which V. cholerae is found naturally or into which it has been introduced from the feces of an infected person. Cholera is most likely to be found and spread in places with inadequate water treatment, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene.
In another example of prompt ORS hopefully preventing dehydration, CDC recommends for the treatment of cholera continuing to give Oral Rehydration Solution during travel to medical treatment. [ 2 ] The approximate amount of oral rehydration solution (ORS) [ 7 ] to be given over four hours can be obtained by multiplying 75 milliliters of ...
Recommendations for prevention include eating only properly cleaned and cooked food, drinking bottled water, and frequent hand washing. [4] The oral cholera vaccine, while effective for cholera, is of questionable use for travelers' diarrhea. [6] Preventive antibiotics are generally discouraged. [3]
Treatment of a cholera infection consists of replenishing lost fluid and electrolytes by intravenous or oral solutions, and by antibiotics. [2] El Tor outbreaks can be prevented by better standards of sanitation, filtering and boiling water, [ 4 ] thoroughly cooking seafood, and washing vegetables and fruits before consumption.
Despite under-funding, treatment and prevention of many neglected diseases is cost-effective. The cost of treating a child for infection of soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomes (some of the main causes of neglected diseases) is less than US$0.50 per year when administered as part of school-based mass deworming by Deworm the World.
John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858 [1]) was an English physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene.He is considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology and early germ theory, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in London's Soho, which he identified as a particular public water pump.