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Process analytical technology (PAT) has been defined by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a mechanism to design, analyze, and control pharmaceutical manufacturing processes through the measurement of critical process parameters (CPP) which affect the critical quality attributes (CQA).
McKinsey & Company released its first marginal abatement cost (MAC) curve for greenhouse gas emissions in February 2007, which was updated to version two in January 2009. [ 134 ] [ 135 ] McKinsey & Company's MAC curve has become the most widely used [ 136 ] and is the basis for McKinsey's consulting on climate change and sustainability.
Pharmaceutical companies usually have a number of compounds in their pipelines at any given time. The drug pipeline is an important indicator of the value and future prospects of a company . Usually the more compounds in the pipeline, and the more advanced stage that these are in the better.
The distribution of medications has special drug safety and security considerations. [1] Some drugs require cold chain management in their distribution. [2]The industry uses track and trace technology, though the timings for implementation and the information required vary across different countries, with varying laws and standards.
In sophisticated supply chain systems, used products may re-enter the supply chain at any point where residual value is recyclable. Supply chains link value chains. [6] Suppliers in a supply chain are often ranked by "tier", with first-tier suppliers supplying directly to the client, second-tier suppliers supplying to the first tier, and so on. [7]
A supply chain is the network of all the individuals, organizations, resources, activities and technology involved in the creation and sale of a product. A supply chain encompasses everything from the delivery of source materials from the supplier to the manufacturer through to its eventual delivery to the end user.
The pharmaceutical industry is a medical industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets pharmaceutical goods such as medications and medical devices. Medications are then administered to (or self-administered by) patients for curing or prevention of disease , as well as alleviating symptoms of illness or injury .
Hazard analysis and critical control points is a methodology which has been proven useful. [21] Quality assurance extends beyond the packaging operations through distribution and cold chain management; Good distribution practice is often a regulatory requirement. Track and trace systems are usually required.