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Type I hypersensitivity (or immediate hypersensitivity), in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, is an allergic reaction provoked by re-exposure to a specific type of antigen referred to as an allergen. [1] Type I is distinct from type II, type III and type IV hypersensitivities. The relevance of the Gell and Coombs ...
Anaphylaxis is diagnosed on the basis of a person's signs and symptoms. [3] When any one of the following three occurs within minutes or hours of exposure to an allergen there is a high likelihood of anaphylaxis: [3] Involvement of the skin or mucosal tissue plus either respiratory difficulty or a low blood pressure causing symptoms
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA, EIAn, EIAs) is a rare condition in which anaphylaxis, a serious or life-threatening allergic response, is brought on by physical activity. [1] Approximately 5–15% of all reported cases of anaphylaxis are thought to be exercise-induced.
Anaphylactic shock is caused by a severe anaphylactic reaction to an allergen, antigen, drug, or foreign protein causing the release of histamine which causes widespread vasodilation, leading to hypotension and increased capillary permeability. Signs of anaphylaxis Signs typically occur after exposure to an allergen and may include:
Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles.It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins.
Pseudoallergy, sometimes known as nonallergic hypersensitivity, is a type of hypersensitivity reaction mostly described in the context of drug allergy.The mechanism is somewhat similar to the type 1 hypersensitivity in the Gell and Coombs classification in that the effector cell is also mast cell.
[3] An example of complement dependent type II hypersensitivity is an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction following transfusion of ABO incompatible blood. [4] Preformed antibody (predominantly IgM) against donor red cell antigens not found in an individual of a particular blood group (e.g. anti-A IgM in an individual with blood group B), bind to the donor red cell surface and lead to rapid ...
Individuals at risk for developing anaphylactic symptoms in response to mosquito bites should carry an Epinephrine autoinjector for immediate use following a mosquito bite. These individuals as well as those without self-injecting epinephrine who develop symptoms of anaphylaxis following a mosquito bite should be treated as medical emergencies ...