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The Mercator projection ( / mərˈkeɪtər /) is a conformal cylindrical map projection presented by Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It became the standard map projection for navigation due to its ability to represent north as "up" and south as "down" everywhere while preserving local directions and shapes. However, as a result, the Mercator projection inflates ...
Geohash is a public domain geocode system invented in 2008 by Gustavo Niemeyer [1] which encodes a geographic location into a short string of letters and digits. Similar ideas were introduced by G.M. Morton in 1966. [2] It is a hierarchical spatial data structure which subdivides space into buckets of grid shape, which is one of the many ...
Coordinate conversion is composed of a number of different types of conversion: format change of geographic coordinates, conversion of coordinate systems, or transformation to different geodetic datums. Geographic coordinate conversion has applications in cartography, surveying, navigation and geographic information systems .
Web Mercator, Google Web Mercator, Spherical Mercator, WGS 84 Web Mercator [1] or WGS 84/Pseudo-Mercator is a variant of the Mercator map projection and is the de facto standard for Web mapping applications. It rose to prominence when Google Maps adopted it in 2005. [2] It is used by virtually all major online map providers, including Google Maps, CARTO, Mapbox, [3] Bing Maps, OpenStreetMap ...
Prior to the development of the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system, several European nations demonstrated the utility of grid-based conformal maps by mapping their territory during the interwar period.
The World Geodetic System ( WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS. The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).
Transformation of geographic coordinates ( longitude and latitude) to Cartesian ( x, y) or polar ( r, θ) plane coordinates. In large-scale maps, Cartesian coordinates normally have a simple relation to eastings and northings defined as a grid superimposed on the projection.
Restrictions on geographic data in China Under Chinese law, the use of geographic information in the People's Republic of China is restricted to entities that have special authorization from the administrative department for surveying and mapping under the State Council. [1] Consequences of the restriction include fines for unauthorized surveys, lack of geotagging information on many cameras ...