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In 1884, Paul Vieille invented a smokeless powder called Poudre B (short for poudre blanche, white powder, as distinguished from black powder) [7]: 289–292 made from 68.2% insoluble nitrocellulose, 29.8% soluble nitrocellulose gelatinized with ether and 2% paraffin.
Smokeless powder is invented and starts replacing gunpowder, also known as black powder. [225] 1884: West: Hiram Maxim invents the Maxim gun, the first single-barreled machine gun. [223] 1886: West: A safer and more stable form of smokeless powder is invented in France. [223] 1890: West
Poudre B was the first practical smokeless gunpowder created in 1884. It was perfected between 1882 and 1884 at "Laboratoire Central des Poudres et Salpêtres" in Paris, France.
Paul Marie Eugène Vieille (2 September 1854 – 14 January 1934) was a French chemist who invented modern nitrocellulose-based smokeless gunpowder in 1884. He was a graduate of École Polytechnique .
It is the first safely manageable explosive stronger than gunpowder. [12] 1867 The use of ammonium nitrate in explosives is patented in Sweden. [13] 1875 Gelignite, the first plastic explosive, is invented by Alfred Nobel. [14] [13] 1884: Paul Marie Eugène Vieille creates Poudre B, the first practical smokeless powder. [6] 1891
Smokeless powder has different burning properties (pressure vs. time) and can generate higher pressures and work per gram. This can rupture older weapons designed for black powder. Smokeless powders ranged in color from brownish tan to yellow to white. Most of the bulk semi-smokeless powders ceased to be manufactured in the 1920s. [119] [118] [120]
In 1894, the factory commenced production of smokeless powder, or powder B, [19] invented in 1884 by Paul Vieille. This marked a significant technological shift for the Ripault, with the production of black powder gradually being replaced [G2 6] (which ceased in 1907 [G2 7]). By that time, the powder factory covered an area of 50 hectares.
More-stable and slower-burning collodion mixtures were eventually prepared using less concentrated acids at lower temperatures for smokeless powder in firearms. The first practical smokeless powder made from nitrocellulose, for firearms and artillery ammunition, was invented by French chemist Paul Vieille in 1884.