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The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a ... between the genes of the cell ... isolation occurs when the genes necessary for the sexual reproduction of one ...
Genetic divergence is the process in which two or more populations of an ancestral species accumulate independent genetic changes through time, often leading to reproductive isolation and continued mutation even after the populations have become reproductively isolated for some period of time, as there is not any genetic exchange anymore. [1]
This occurs when the populations already have some reproductive isolation, but still hybridize to some extent. Because hybridization is costly (e.g. giving birth and raising a weak offspring), natural selection favors strong isolation mechanisms that can avoid such outcome, such as assortative mating. [5]
In parapatric speciation, two subpopulations of a species evolve reproductive isolation from one another while continuing to exchange genes. This mode of speciation has three distinguishing characteristics: 1) mating occurs non-randomly, 2) gene flow occurs unequally, and 3) populations exist in either continuous or discontinuous geographic ranges.
A variation of peripatric speciation in which speciation occurs by geographic isolation, but reproductive isolation evolves in the larger population instead of the peripherally isolated population. [12] In centrifugal speciation, the range of an original population (green) expands and then contracts, leaving an isolated fragment population behind.
Reinforcement is a process within speciation where natural selection increases the reproductive isolation between two populations of species by reducing the production of hybrids. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Evidence for speciation by reinforcement has been gathered since the 1990s, and along with data from comparative studies and laboratory experiments, has ...
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. [1] Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing.
Floral isolation occurs prior to pollination, and is divided into two types of isolation: morphological isolation and ethological isolation. [2] Floral isolation was championed by Verne Grant in the 1900s as an important mechanism of reproductive isolation in plants. [3]