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  2. Least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_squares

    The result of fitting a set of data points with a quadratic function Conic fitting a set of points using least-squares approximation. In regression analysis, least squares is a parameter estimation method based on minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals (a residual being the difference between an observed value and the fitted value provided by a model) made in the results of each ...

  3. Linear least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_least_squares

    Linear least squares (LLS) is the least squares approximation of linear functions to data. It is a set of formulations for solving statistical problems involved in linear regression , including variants for ordinary (unweighted), weighted , and generalized (correlated) residuals .

  4. Ordinary least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_least_squares

    In statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) is a type of linear least squares method for choosing the unknown parameters in a linear regression model (with fixed level-one [clarification needed] effects of a linear function of a set of explanatory variables) by the principle of least squares: minimizing the sum of the squares of the differences between the observed dependent variable (values ...

  5. Iteratively reweighted least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iteratively_reweighted...

    IRLS is used to find the maximum likelihood estimates of a generalized linear model, and in robust regression to find an M-estimator, as a way of mitigating the influence of outliers in an otherwise normally-distributed data set, for example, by minimizing the least absolute errors rather than the least square errors.

  6. Numerical methods for linear least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_methods_for...

    The numerical methods for linear least squares are important because linear regression models are among the most important types of model, both as formal statistical models and for exploration of data-sets. The majority of statistical computer packages contain

  7. Total least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_least_squares

    This solution has been rediscovered in different disciplines and is variously known as standardised major axis (Ricker 1975, Warton et al., 2006), [14] [15] the reduced major axis, the geometric mean functional relationship (Draper and Smith, 1998), [16] least products regression, diagonal regression, line of organic correlation, and the least ...

  8. Least-squares function approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least-squares_function...

    In mathematics, least squares function approximation applies the principle of least squares to function approximation, by means of a weighted sum of other functions.The best approximation can be defined as that which minimizes the difference between the original function and the approximation; for a least-squares approach the quality of the approximation is measured in terms of the squared ...

  9. Generalized least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_least_squares

    It is used when there is a non-zero amount of correlation between the residuals in the regression model. GLS is employed to improve statistical efficiency and reduce the risk of drawing erroneous inferences, as compared to conventional least squares and weighted least squares methods. It was first described by Alexander Aitken in 1935. [1]